Make changes to the sample. Scientists use triangulation to find the epicenter of an earthquake. If you draw a circle on a map around three different seismographs where the radius of each is the distance from that station to the earthquake, the intersection of those three circles is the epicenter. BDF
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Describe the logarithmic nature of the earthquake magnitude scale. How does distance from the epicenter affect the magnitude (height) of the seismograph reading? Draw your signature, type it, upload its image, or use your mobile device as a signature pad. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Use the process of triangulation to locate an earthquake's epicenter. Add to Library. Using the real-world data in the living lab enables students and teachers to practice analyzing data to solve problems and answer questions, in much the same way that scientists and engineers do every day. Before going to the classroom, you will need to: Provide each student, with the following: Earthquakes occur every day all over the United States and all over the world. The spot where those three circles intersect is the epicenter (Figure 13.12). 1. The nations most famous fault is the San Andreas Fault, which runs along a north-south trend in southern California, and happens to run directly through Los Angeles. Even though the scale formulae are different, MMS retains the familiar continuum of magnitude values defined by the older scale. In this activity, students use an online simulationVirtual Earthquakethat is accessible through the Earthquakes Living Lab interface, to locate the epicenter of an earthquake by making simple measurement on three seismograms, recordings of an earthquake's seismic waves detected by instruments (seismographs) far away from the earthquake. Facility Name Busine Child ren Information Child Name C. Child Social Security Number Type of Case being filed - Check only one category. moment magnitude scale: Similar to the Richter scale, but replacing its use starting in the 1970s for more accuracy in measuring big earthquakes (magnitudes > 3.5) from greater distances. Point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus. Was there an initial quake followed by smaller quakes? distance from transducer to the focal point. hb```f``Rl@ (l"`+uk?0.a~@6Vm;| G3f`75@v@Wz|A4#w9{(` ) Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 2. Next, have student groups answer the eight questions in the. Earthquakes occur along faults, which are cracks in the Earths crust that build tension. The USGS and its partners monitor and report earthquakes, assess earthquake impacts and hazards, and . Reading Strategy. Students learn what causes earthquakes, how we measure and locate them, and their effects and consequences. I also will take them through the general process of how find the difference in arrival times of p- and s-waves can be used to find a distance to an earthquake and how using data from 3 seismograph stations is used to locate the epicenter. Locating Earthquake Epicenter Lab - Triangulation sheet for students and/or teachers to use (Slide 6), and answer key (Slide 7). The American Geosciences Institute represents and serves the geoscience community by providing collaborative leadership and information to connect Earth, science, and people. Video Guide / Worksheets and Quizzes for Quizzes and Answer Sheet __ 2. Using 3 seismograms the students will be able to triangulate the epicenter of an earthquake. A circle is drawn from each of the three different seismograph locations, where the radius of each circle is equal to the distance from that station to the epicenter. Use the graph to answer the questions that follow. You will analyze the records and locate the earthquake using a method known (Figure 3):. When seismic data is collected from at least three different locations, it can be used to determine the epicenter by where it intersects. Richter scale Method of earthquake measurement based on the amplitude of seismic . A circle is drawn from each of the three different seismograph locations, where the radius of each circle is equal to the distance from that station to the epicenter. Students learn about factors that engineers take into consideration when designing buildings for earthquake-prone regions. Make arrangements so that each student group has a computer with Internet access. 0000003991 00000 n
consider a seismograph stationed 3, So next, students compute the magnitude of this same earthquake by looking at the three simplified seismograms again, but this time selecting each's maximum S wave amplitude (height). Activity 4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter, The three basic types of seismic wave generated by an earthquake at its focus are P, waves, Swaves, and Surface waves. (Figure 3):. Use Figure 5 and the travel-time graph in Figure 4 to determine . The process is called triangulation. The answer is the San Andreas Fault. 4. 0000053998 00000 n
Dochub is the best editor for changing your documents online. The moment magnitude scale (MMS) was developed in the 1970s as a modification of the Richter scale and is better for measuring big earthquakes but less good for small ones. Finally, the location of the 3 seismographs are placed on a map and the distance to the epicenter is used to draw a circle with an origin at each seismograph and a radius equal to the distance to the epicenter as taken from each seismogram. earthquake though). Read through the sections What Is Seismology and What Are Seismic Waves?, Where Do Earthquakes Happen?, and Why Do Earthquakes Happen? to answer the following questions: What is the difference between S and P waves? Before looking at the Earthquakes Living Lab, have pairs complete the, Then guide the teams to the Earthquakes Living Lab via the living lab website at. 9 -
Thanks for your feedback! While earthquake locations are normally done with a computer that can quickly determine the paths of seismic waves through the Earth to many seismic stations, 15 Introduction to Geology Chapter Worksheet . Add to FlexBook Textbook. To do this, have the students use, Find the epicenter of the earthquake on the map (. %PDF-1.3
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It is slower than the same earthquake's P wave and cannot travel through liquids. Privacy Policy, Seismograms from seismic stations in Fresno, CA, Phoenix, AZ, and Las Vegas, NV, A modified travel time curve for S-P wave, A Modified Travel Time Curve for S-P Wave. When an earthquake strikes, P waves arrive at a seismograph rst and S waves next. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. The seismometers are shown as green dots. Seismic stations detect earthquakes by the tracings made on seismographs. Click for facts and worksheets in PDF! You can also download it, export it or print it out. In this activity, students use an online simulationVirtual Earthquakethat is accessible through the Earthquakes Living Lab interface, to locate the epicenter of an earthquake by making simple measurement on three seismograms, recordings of an earthquake's seismic waves detected by instruments (seismographs) far away from the earthquake. MS-ESS3-2. Empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and make claims about specific causes and effects. Y$Kr;V6[;Dq vg~cx:A[^jCssupwD
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12), Seek, evaluate, and use a variety of specialized resources available from libraries, the Internet, and the community to find scientific information on Earth's history
by. Construct an oral and written argument supported by empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to support or refute an explanation or a model for a phenomenon or a solution to a problem. The real-world earthquake data is viewable via a graphical interface using a scaling map. minutes and P waves 8 minutes to Figure 2 is a seismic wave travel-time Do you agree with this alignment? a project of D2L (www.achievementstandards.org). Free K-12 standards-aligned STEM curriculum for educators everywhere. Geologists use seismic waves to locate an earthquake's epicenter. hb```b````e``n`d@ A
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vILZ*|%6mD! Sharing Information/Thinking Ahead: In the Evaluate section of the worksheet, student pairs are asked to compose answers to two questionswhether they think seismology is a reliable science and ways seismic data is useful for engineers. https://people.wou.edu/~taylors/gs104/lab5key.pdf Locating Earthquake Epicenters | CK-12 Foundation Apr 8, 2020 . Pwaves have the greatest velocity and reach theseismic station first. This opens a new window to Michigan Techs UPSeis informational site about earthquakes and seismology. approximate period of the surface waves in seconds? 0000004224 00000 n
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Assess their understanding based on the thoroughness of their answers. 01. Notify the classroom teacher of technology needs (overhead projector). 0000001408 00000 n
Using historical seismographs, engineers forecast the strength or magnitude of earthquakes and make predictions and determine building codes and safety protocols. 0000004511 00000 n
approximate period of the surface waves in seconds? Lab Exercise #2: Locating the Epicenter of an Earthquake In this lab exercise, you will locate the epicenter of an earthquake. Copyright USGS http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/kids/eqscience.php. As the drum rotated, t, pen recorded the arrival of P, S, and surface, between arrival of P and S waves is called, epicenter, the longer the lag time measured, velocity, amplitude, and frequency of the. For this activity, select the "Chile" box. 0000006538 00000 n
This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. Make an overhead copy of each of the handouts. Students also investigate which structural designs are most likely to survive an earthquake. earthquake lab lab: locating the epicenters of earthquakes objective measurable learning outcomes use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Discovery Institutions Western Governors University Southern New Hampshire University Choose an answer and hit 'next'. The longer the time is between the P-and S-wave . ACTIVITY 4.2B Locating an Earthquake Figure 4.5 shows seismograms for the same earthquake recorded at three locations - New York, Nome, Alaska, and Mexico City. Hand out the worksheets to the groups and direct them to read through the instructions. determine the epicenter using the S P (S minus P) method. Introduction: Before student pairs look at the Earthquakes Living Lab, direct them to complete the Engage section of the Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Worksheet, which asks them to apply any prior knowledge and/or speculate as to what the Richter magnitude scale is and what an epicenter is. How does distance from the epicenter affect the S-P time interval? How can you locate an earthquake's epicenter? As discussed earlier in this lesson, this method of determining the epicenter of an . This worksheet focuses on using the p and s graph to find different variables. E}g7$i(=K)"aj%v]vPcYloi@X3noGX{[XucOgkdF.>Ym^fwrQf;8_Nok3w\;?n_Hhc?>k\o[%DgwJ'3d.lTqDy_aJw! 0000106240 00000 n
miles from the epicenter of an Scientists and engineers around the globe gather data through observation and experimentation and use it to describe and understand how the world works. Students learn about the types of seismic waves produced by earthquakes and how they move through the Earth. Step 1: ans- d) 65 seconds Ste . minutes = 6 minutes. Mark the first arrival of the swave on each seismogram. How does the period of the P waves compare to the period of the surface waves? In order to determine the location of an earthquake epicenter, seismographsfrom at least three different places are needed for a particular event. 0000001978 00000 n
13 4 locating an earthquake epicenter geosciences libretexts . The farther a station is from the Cross), Give Me Liberty! After reading about earthquakes, open a new window to an Earthquake Simulator at, Follow the simulation instructions. *The NGSS logo is a registered trademark of WestEd. activity illustrates how the epicenter of an earthquake is found. This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. within type by subtype, then by grade, etc. 0000006011 00000 n
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As you read and complete the activity, take notes so you can complete the. What is the time lag for the Seattle, Washington, seismic station? Overhead transparency of each of the handouts, Overhead projector (contact classroom teacher about this) and screen, Optional: overhead transparency or PowerPoint of, What do you know about the causes and impacts of Earthquakes? What about P waves? triangulation: A method to determine exactly where an earthquake originates. H\0y Zip. aqmd. If you complete all the problems, you should be able to: Identify P, S, and surface waves on a simple seismogram. First locate and mark the three seismic stations on the world map provided below. Book: Laboratory Manual for Introductory Geology (Deline, Harris & Tefend), { "13.01:_Introduction" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.
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